Subcutaneous terbutaline and oral nifedipine for intrapartum fetal resuscitation: a prospective randomized controlled study / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To compare the safety and efficacy of terbutaline and nifedipine for acute intrapartum fetal resuscitation (IUFR).Methods:This was a prospective randomized controlled study involving 110 pregnant women with non-reassuring fetal heart rate tracings (NRFHT) during delivery at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center between January and April 2021. These women were randomly allocated to receive subcutaneous terbutaline sulphate (0.25 mg, terbutaline group) or oral nifedipine (10 mg, nifedipine group), with 55 subjects in each group. Hemodynamic parameters including blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation before and 5, 15 and 30 min after treatment as well as the success rate of intrapartum resuscitation, the onset time of medication, and the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage were analyzed using t test, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results:Two groups both showed no significant difference in the mean arterial pressure or oxygen saturation before or after treatment (all P>0.05). The heart rate was not affected in nifedipine group at any time points ( P>0.05). While the patients treated with terbutaline showed accelerated maternal heart rate 5, 15 and 30 min after administration as compared with the baseline[(97.0±20.2), (99.2±13.8), (91.8±12.6) vs (81.7±11.3) bpm, all P<0.001], but it began to decrease at 30 min, with a drop of 6.4 bpm compared with that at 15 min (95% CI: 1.5-11.2, P<0.05). None of the pregnant women had adverse reactions requiring medical intervention. The rates of successful acute resuscitation were similar in the two groups [terbutaline: 78.2% (43/55) vs nifedipine: 70.9% (39/55), χ 2= 0.77, P=0.381]. Terbutaline had a shorter onset time than nifedipine in slowing the frequency of contractions and returning fetal heart rate to class Ⅰ category [2(1-6) vs 6(1-10) min, U=2 348.50, P<0.001]. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of NRFHT-indicated cesarean section, assisted vaginal delivery, or second dose of tocolysis within 1 h (all P>0.05) nor in blood loss volume, postpartum hemorrhage rate, low Apgar score, low umbilical artery pH value (pH<7.2), neonatal asphyxia rate, or neonatal intensive care admission rate (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Terbutaline spends less time than nifedipine to take effect and may be an alternative for acute IUFR without significant adverse outcomes.

Effect of Zuoguiwan on Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Ovariectomized Osteoporosis Model Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Zuoguiwan on bone metabolism and Wnt/<italic>β</italic>-catenin signaling pathway in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats model， and to explore the molecular biological mechanism of Zuoguiwan in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Method:The rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis was established by bilateral ovariectomy， 60 female SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， positive group （estradiol valerate tablet 0.05 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） and low， middle and high dose groups of Zuoguiwan （5.5，11，22 g·kg^-1·d^-1）.After successful establishment of the model in the 13^th week， intragastric administration （<italic>ig</italic>） was given once a day for a total of 12 weeks. After administration， the histomorphological changes of femur in rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， the bone mineral density （BMD） and bone mineral content（BMC） of femur were measured by dual energy X-ray apparatus， and the biomechanical properties of bone were measured by MTS Acumen3 biomechanical testing system. The contents of bone alkaline phosphatase （BALP）， bone glaprotein（BGP），estradiol （E₂） ，and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRAP）， type Ⅰ procollagen N-terminal propeptide （PINP） in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot was used to detect the protein level of Wnt2，<italic>β</italic>-catenin，low density lipoprotein related receptor protein 5 （LRP5） and the phosphorylation level of glycogen synthase kinase-3<italic>β</italic>（GSK-3<italic>β</italic>） in rat tibia. Result:Compared with sham operation group， the maximum load and stiffness of BMD，BMC， in the model group decreased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the contents of E₂ and PINP in serum decreased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the content of BALP，BGP，TRAP increased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the expression levels of Wnt2，p-GSK-3<italic>β </italic>Ser9，LRP5 and <italic>β</italic>-catenin protein in bone tissue decreased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the trabecula of femur became thinner and thinner， the number of bone trabeculae decreased. Compared with model group， the maximum load and stiffness of BMD，BMC， in estradiol group and Zuoguiwan group were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the contents of serum E₂ and PINP were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the content of BALP，BGP，TRAP was significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the expression level of Wnt2，p-GSK-3<italic>β</italic> Ser9，LRP5， <italic>β</italic>-catenin protein in bone tissue was significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01） ， the trabeculae of femur became thicker， the number increased， the structure was basically clear. Conclusion:Zuoguiwan has a certain preventive and therapeutic effect on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats， and its mechanism may be related to increasing the level of estrogen， activating Wnt/<italic>β</italic>-catenin signaling pathway， up-regulating the expression of Wnt2 and LRP5 protein， inhibiting the activity of GSK-3<italic>β</italic>， reducing the degradation of <italic>β</italic>-catenin， coordinating the dynamic coupling balance between bone formation and bone resorption， correcting the disorder of bone metabolism and improving bone morphology.

Clinical Observation of Suanzaoren Tang Combined with Fluoxetine in Treatment of Depression of Liver Stagnation and Blood Deficiency Accompanied by Insomnia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Suanzaoren Tang combined with fluoxetine in the treatment of patients with depression of liver stagnation and blood deficiency accompanied by insomnia. Method:The patients with depression of liver stagnation and blood deficiency accompanied by insomnia （120 cases） were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group， with 60 cases in each group. The patients in the observation group received Suanzaoren Tang combined with fluoxetine， and those in the control group received fluoxetine. The course of treatment was eight weeks. The clinical efficacy was evaluated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD）， Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）， and Activities of Daily Living （ADL） score. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the plasma levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， norepinephrine （NE），brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF）， neuron-specific enolase （NSE）， and S100<italic>β</italic>. Result:After eight weeks of treatment， the scores of HAMD and PSQI were reduced（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the scores of ADL were elevated（<italic>P</italic><0.01），and the levels of 5-HT， NE， GDNF and BDNF were up-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.01） in the plasma of patients in the observation group as compared with those before treatment. After treatment， compared with the control group， the observation group showed increased total effective rate（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， decreased scores of HAMD and PSQI （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， elevated score of ADL（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， up-regulated levels of 5-HT， NE， GDNF and BDNF in plasma， and declining NSE and S100<italic>β</italic>（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Suanzaoren Tang combined with fluoxetine is superior to fluoxetine alone in treating the depression of liver stagnation and blood deficiency accompanied by insomnia. Its therapeutic effect is achieved by increasing the release of monoamine neurotransmitters and promoting the secretion of BDNF and GDNF in the brain.

Effect of Sinisan on BDNF/TrkB， 5-HT/5-HT1AR， and HPA axis in Depression Model Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Sinisan on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）/tyrosine kinase receptor B （TrKB）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）/5-HT1A receptor （5-HT1AR）， and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis in depressed rats， and explore the antidepressant mechanism of Sinisan based on BDNF/TrKB， 5-HT/5-HT1AR， and HPA axis. Method:A total of 120 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a fluoxetine （0.01 g·kg^-1） group， and low- （1.25 g·kg^-1）， medium- （2.5 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose （5 g·kg^-1） Sinisan groups， with 20 rats in each group. The depression model was induced by isolation combined with chronic unpredictable mild stimulation（CUMS） in rats except for those in the normal group for 21 days. Rats were then treated correspondingly once a day for 21 days by gavage. Those in the normal group and the model group received an equal volume of normal saline. During the intervention， the model rats were stimulated continuously. The depressive state of CUMS model rats was evaluated by sucrose preference test and open field test. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone （CRH）， adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）， and corticosterone （CORT） in the plasma and BDNF and 5-HT levels in the hippocampal homogenate. The mRNA expression of hippocampal TrKB， 5-HT1AR， glucocorticoid receptor （GR）， and mineralocorticoid receptor （MR） was detected by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression of hippocampal TrKB， 5-HT1AR， GR， and MR was detected by Western blot. The histomorphological changes of the hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased sucrose preference rate （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， reduced horizontal and vertical scores in the open field test （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， increased plasma content of CRH， ACTH， and CORT （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， declining content of BDNF and 5-HT in the hippocampus （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， dwindled mRNA and protein expression levels of TrKB， 5-HT1AR， and GR （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， elevated mRNA and protein expression of MR （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and damaged hippocampal neurons revealed by HE staining. Compared with the model group， the groups with drug intervention showed increased sucrose preference rate （<italic>P</italic><0.01） and horizontal and vertical scores in the open field test （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， decreased content of plasma CRH， ACTH， and CORT （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， elevated content of hippocampal BDNF and 5-HT （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of hippocampal TrKB， 5-HT1AR， and GR （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of hippocampal MR （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， and recovered hippocampal neurons as revealed by HE staining. Conclusion:Sinisan can exert a significant antidepressant effect by increasing hippocampal BDNF and 5-HT content， up-regulating TrKB， 5-HT1AR， and GR mRNA and protein expression， down-regulating MR mRNA and protein expression， inhibiting HPA axis hypertrophy， and enhancing the regeneration and repair of hippocampal neurons.

Immunoregulatory Effect of Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang Modified with Bupleuri Radix on Hippocampal NLRP3 Pathway in Depressed Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang （CJLM） on hippocampal NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）inflammasome pathway in rats with depression. Method:Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group，a model group， a MCC950 （1 mg·kg^-1） group， and high- （13 g·kg^-1）， medium- （6.5 g·kg^-1）， and low-dose （3.25 g·kg^-1） Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang groups， with 10 rats in each group．The depression model was induced by isolation combined with chronic unpredictable mild stimulation（CUMS） in rats except for those in the normal group. Rats were treated correspondingly for 21 days by intraperitoneal injection in the MCC950 group and gavage in other groups. The normal group and the model group received an equal volume of normal saline. The depression-like behaviors of rats were observed by sucrose preference test （SPT） and novelty-suppressed feeding test. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the levels of interleukin-1<italic>β </italic>（IL-1<italic>β</italic>） and IL-18 in the hippocampus of depressed rats. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of NLRP3， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain （ASC）， and Caspase-1. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased sucrose preference rate （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， prolonged novelty-suppressed feeding time （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， enhanced protein expression of NLRP3，ASC， and caspase-1<italic> </italic>（<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， and elevated expression of IL-1<italic>β</italic> and IL-18 （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:CJLM can alleviate depression-like behaviors in CUMS-induced model rats， and the underlying mechanism is related to the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway．

Mechanism of Modified Erchentang on Expression of CXCL8-CXCR1/2 Axle Genes in Lung Tissue of Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of modified Erchentang on the expression of CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8-CXC chemotaxis factor receptor (CXCR) 1/2 genes in the lung tissue of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in order to explore the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of Erchentang on COPD. Method:Forty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Jizhi syrup group and modified Erchentang group. COPD models in rats were prepared by cigarette smoke and dripping lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the trachea. After modeling, normal and model groups were intragastrically given normal saline solution, Jizhi syrup group was given Jizhi syrup（10 g·kg-1），and modified Erchentang group was given intragastrically corresponding herbal drugs (10 g·kg-1) for 14 days. The levels of chemokines CXCL1, CXCL8 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The mRNA expressions of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 were detected by quantitative real time PCR (Real-time PCR). Western blot was used to detect the levels of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 protein, the pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining,and immunohistochemistry (IHC) method was used to detect the expressions of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 protein in the lung tissue of all the groups. Result:The levels of chemokines CXCL1, CXCL8 in rats BALF were increased significantly (P<0.01), the expressions of CXCL8，CXCR1 and CXCR2 mRNA and protein were increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01) in model group compared with normal group. Compared with model group, the expressions of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 mRNA and protein were decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the levels of chemokines CXCL1, CXCL8 in rats BALF were decreased significantly (P<0.01) in modified Erchentang. Conclusion:Modified Erchentang has an anti-inflammatory effect on COPD. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the expressions of CXCL8, CXCR1, CXCR2 mRNA and protein, and reducing the release of chemokines CXCL1, CXCL8.

Regulatory Effect of Modified Erchentang on Levels of Lymphokines Relating to Th1,Th2 and Th9 Cells and Expressions of IL-4R1/IL-13RA1 in Bronchioles of Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of modified Erchentang on levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-9 (IL-9), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of all rats, as well as expressions of interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor (IL-4R1) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) receptor (IL-13RA1) in bronchioles tissue of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Method:Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely normal group, model group, and low, middle and high-dose modified Erchentang groups (5, 10, 20 g·kg-1), with 10 rats in each group. COPD in rat was prepared by using cigarette smoke combined with dripping lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in trachea. After the modeling, normal and model groups were given normal saline solution through intragastric (ig) administration, while other groups were given corresponding herbal drugs (5, 10, 20 g·kg-1) intragastrically (ig) for 14 days. The levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-9, IL-4 and IL-13 in plasma and BALF were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method， and immunohistochemistry (IHC) method was used to detect the expressions of IL-4R1 and IL-13RA1 in bronchioles tissue of all of the groups. Result:Compared with the normal group, the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ were decreased significantly (P<0.01), but the levels of IL-9, IL-4 and IL-13 in plasma and BALF were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the expressions of IL-4R1 and IL-13RA1 in bronchioles tissue were increased significantly (P<0.01) in model group. Compared with the model group, the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ were increased significantly, while the levels of IL-9, IL-4 and IL-13 in plasma and BALF were decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the expressions of IL-4R1 and IL-13RA1 in bronchioles tissue were decreased significantly (P<0.01) in modified Erchentang groups (10, 20 g·kg-1). Conclusion:Modified Erchentang has effects in resisting inflammatory and protecting tissue structure of bronchioles. Its mechanism may be correlated with increasing the levels of IL-12, IFN-γ and reducing the levels of IL-9, IL-4 and IL-13 in plasma and BALF, and inhibiting the expressions of IL-4R1 and IL-13RA1 in bronchioles tissue.

Research Progress of Banxia Houpu Tang in Treatment of Depression / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Depression is a common emotional disease，causing a heavy burden of disease on patients' families and society.Its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood，andmay be related to inflammation，neurotransmitters，neurotrophicfactors，hippocampal neuronal synaptic plasticity，oxidative stress，etc.Clinical application of Western medicine to treat depression has serious side effects，poor patient compliance，the effective rate is not high，rebound after withdrawal，etc.Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of depression has the characteristics of low side effects and high patient compliance. Depression belongs to the category of depression syndromein traditional Chinese medicine.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the main symptoms of depression include depressed liver Qi，stagnated Qi transforming into fire，deficiency in heart and spleen，deficiency in heart and lung，stagnation of phlegm and Qi，deficiency of liver and kidney，etc. Banxia Houpu Tang is a classic recipe contained in"Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" by Zhang Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty， it has the effect of treating depression syndrome of stagnation of phlegm and Qi.By searching the literatures of Banxia Houpu Tang in the treatment of depression in Chinese knowledge network database （CNKI），Chinese biomedical literature database （CBM）， Wanfang Data， Pubmed， Embase， Web of Science and other databases，we found that both clinical application and experimental research suggest that Banxia Houpu Tang has a significant antidepressant effect. Clinical studies have shown that Banxia Houpu Tang can improve the scores of anxiety scales and depression scales of patients with depression. The antidepressant effect is significant， and the advantages are prominent. Experimental research shows that the antidepressant effect of Banxia Houpu Tang and its effective components may be related to the factors such as intervention of inflammatory response， influence of neurotransmitters， regulation of neurotrophic factors， improvement of synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons and reduce oxidative stress，etc. Therefore，this paper reviews several types of depression in the clinical treatment of Banxia Houpu Tang and the related experimental studies of Banxia Houpu Tang.

Effect of Modified Xiao Chaihutang on Expression of EAATs and VGLUTs in Hippocampus of Chronic Restraibt Stress Depression Model Rat / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of modified Xiao Chaihutang on the expressions of excitatory amino acid transporters（EAATs） and vesicle glutamate transporters（VGLUTs）in hippocampus of rats with chronic depression， in order to explore the anti-depressant mechanism of modified Xiao Chaihutang based on glutamate transport. Method:A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， and low， middle and high-dose modified Xiaochaihutang groups （6.5， 13， 26 g·kg-1） and riluzole group， with 20 rats in each group．Except normal group， the depression model of rats was prepared through Chronic restraint stress（CRS）. The normal group and the model group were intragastrically （ig） given normal saline. The modified Xiao Chaihutang groups were intragastrically given corresponding herbal drugs （6.5， 13， 26 g·kg-1）， and the Riluzole group was given Riluzole 20 mg·kg-1 through intraoeritoneal injection for 21 days， once a day. Then the depressive behaviors of rats were observed by forced swimming test （FST） and tail suspension test （TST）. The level of glutamic acid （Glu） in rats hippocampus was determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The mRNA expressions of EAAT1， EAAT2 and EAAT3 in hippocampus were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）method. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of EAAT1， EAAT2， EAAT3， VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in rat hippocampus tissue. Nissl staining was used to observe the morphology of hippocampal neurons in rats. Immunohistochemical（IHC）S-P method were used to detect the location expressions of EAAT1， EAAT2 and NeuN proteins in rat hippocampal CA1 region tissue. Result:The immobility times in FST and TST were increased significantly（P<0.01）， the mRNA and protein expressions of EAAT1，EAAT2，EAAT3 were decreased significantly （P<0.01）， and as well as the expressions of VGLUT1 and NeuN were decreased significantly（P<0.01）， while the level of Glutamate and the expression of VGLUT2 were increased significantly（P<0.01） in model group， compared with normal group. Compared with model group，the immobility times in FST and TST were decreased significantly（P<0.05， P<0.01）， mRNA and protein expressions of EAAT1，EAAT2，EAAT3 were increased significantly（P<0.01）， and expressions of VGLUT1 and NeuN were increased significantly（P<0.01）. However， the level of Glutamate and the expression of VGLUT2 were decreased significantly（P<0.01）， and the damage of hippocampal neurons in rats was mild in middle and high-dose modified Xiao Chaihutang groups. Conclusion:Modified Xiao Chaihutang has an anti-depressive effect. Its mechanism may be related to its up-regulation of expressions of EAAT1， EAAT2， EAAT3 genes and VGLUT1 protein in the hippocampus of depression model rats.

Effect of Modified Suanzaoren Tang on Expression of Glutamate Receptor in Hippocampus of Chronic Restraibt Stress Depression Model Rat / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of modified Suanzaoren Tang on the expression of excitatory amino acids receptor（EAARs） in hippocampus of rats with chronic depression， and to explore the anti-depressant mechanism of modified Suanzaoren Tang based on excitatory amino acids receptor. Method:Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group，model group，and low，middle and high-dose modified Suanzaoren Tang groups，and ketamine group，with 10 rats in each group．Except normal group，the depression model of rats was prepared by using chronic restraint stress（CRS）.The normal group and model group were intragastrically（ig） given normal saline．the modified Suanzaoren Tang groups were intragastrically given corresponding herbal drugs 6，12，24 g·kg-1， ketamine group group were given ketamine 0.015 g·kg-1 through intraoeritoneal injection，for 21 days，once a day．Then the depressive behaviors of rats were observed by Morris water maze and novelty feeding experiment.Western blot was used to detect the levels of DAR1，NMDAR2A，NMDAR2B，GluR1，mGluR1，CaMKⅡα and CaMKⅡβ protein expression in rat hippocampus tissue. Result:Compared with normal group，the time of novel ingestion and escape latencywere prolonged significantly（P<0.01）， and the time of space exploration was shortened significantly（P<0.01）.The levels of NMDAR1，NMDAR2A，NMDAR2B，mGluR1 and CaMKⅡβ expression were increased significantly（P<0.01），while the levels of GluR1 and CaMKⅡα expression were decreased significantly（P<0.01）in model group. Compared with model group，the time of novel ingestion and escape latency were shortened significantly （P<0.01）， and the time of space exploration was prolonged significantly（P<0.01）.The levels of NMDAR1，NMDAR2A，NMDAR2B，mGluR1 and CaMKⅡβ protein expression were decreased significantly（P<0.01），but the levels of GluR1 and CaMKⅡα expression were increased decreased significantly（P<0.01）in middle and high-dose modified Suanzaoren Tang groups. Conclusion:Modified Suanzaoren Tang can improve the behavior of chronic depression rats effectly. Its mechanism may be related with reduction the expression of NMDAR1，NMDAR2A，NMDAR2B，mGluR1 and CaMKⅡβ protein ，increase the expression of GluR1and CaMKⅡα protein.

Effect of Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang on Signaling Pathway of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin in Hippocampus Tissue of Rats with Depression / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/glycogen synthase kinase 3β （GSK3β）/β-catenin signaling pathway of hippocampus in rats with depression. Method:A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group，model group， and low， middle and high-dose Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang groups（3.25，6.5，13 g·kg-1）， and fluoxetine group， with 20 rats in each group. Except normal group， the depression model was prepared through chronic unpredictable mild stimulation（CUMS）. The normal group and the model group were given normal saline with 6.5 g·kg-1 by gavage. Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang groups were intragastrically given corresponding herbal drugs 3.75，6.5，13 g·kg-1， while fluoxetine group was intragastrically given fluoxetine 10 mg·kg-1 for 21 days， once a day. Then the depressive behaviors of rats were observed by sucrose preference test （SPT） and forced swimming test （FST）. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of PI3K，Akt，GSK3β and phosphorylation level. Result:Compared with normal group，the sucrose preference index was decreased significantly，while the immobility time in FST was increased significantly（P<0.01）， the protein expressions of PI3K， p-PI3K p110， p-PI3K p85 were decreased significantly （P<0.01）， and expressions of Akt， p-Akt Thr308，p-Akt Ser473， p-GSK3β Ser9 and β-catenin were decreased significantly（P<0.01）， while the level of GSK3β， p-GSK3β Tyr216 were increased significantly in model group（P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with model group，Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang could increase sucrose preference index and decrease the immobility time in FST（P<0.01）， the protein expressions of PI3K p110 and PI3K p85 was increased significantly （P<0.01）， levels of Akt Thr308，Akt Ser473， p-GSK3β Ser9， β-catenin were increased significantly （P<0.01）， whereas levels of GSK3β， and GSK3β Tyr216 were decreased significantly. Conclusion:Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang could increase protein expression and activity of PI3K in rat hippocampus， activate Akt， inhibit GSK3β kinase activity and prevent β-catenin from degradation， so as to increase PI3K/Akt pathway activity in rat hippocampus， and protect hippocampal neurons.

Modulation effect of Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharides through inflammatory cytokines in protecting immunological liver-injured mice / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to discuss the protective effect and mechanism of Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharides( ASPs) on immunological liver injury caused by conanavalin A( Con A). BALB/c mice were randomly divided into seven groups: control group,model group( Con A),low-,medium-,and high-dose( 36. 25,72. 5,145 mg·kg~(-1)) ASPs groups,bifendate( 200 mg·kg~(-1),positive drug) group and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate( PDTC,NF-κB inhibitor,200 mg·kg~(-1)) group. ASPs groups and bifendate group were given with corresponding drugs by ig administration once daily for 7 d. Control group,model group and PDTC group were given with normal saline by ig administration once daily for 7 d. After the last ig administration,PDTC was given in DTC group by iv administration( 200 mg·kg~(-1)); 0. 5 h after that,Con A( 20 mg·kg~(-1)) was injected via the tail vein to induce immunological liver injury in all the mice except normal control group. The mice were killed 8 h later and their liver tissues were collected for histopathological examination. The contents of nitric oxide( NO),superoxide dismutase( SOD),malondialdehyde( MDA),reduced glutathione( GSHPX),interleukin( IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor( TNF-α) in liver tissues were detected by kit assay. Western blot method was used to detect TNF-α,intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1( ICAM-1),inducible nitric oxide synthase( i NOS) and nuclear factor( NF-κB) protein expression in liver tissues. As compared with model group,ASPs not only could reduce the activity of MDA,NO,IL-1β and TNF-α,but also increase the content of GSH-PX and SOD; at the same time,the protein expression levels of TNF-α,ICAM-1,i NOS and NF-κB were reduced in liver tissues; in addition,inflammatory cell infiltration was alleviated,hepatocyte cytoplasm was loose and swollen,and nuclear condensation and staining were improved. ASPs has a protective effect on immunological liver injury,and the mechanism may be associated with regulating secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the expression of adhesion factor through NF-κB signaling pathway.

Effect of Modified Erchentang on Expressions of Chemokine Receptor CXCR1/2 and CXCL8 in Patients with AECOPD / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Erchentang on CXC chemokine ligand receptors (CXCR1/2)and their ligands CXCL8,macrophage inflammatory protein -2(MIP-2) in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)at acute exacerbation stage,and assess the effect and mechanism of modified Erchentang on anti-inflammatory in patients of AECOPD. Method:This study was a multicenter, randomized single blind, controlled trial. The authors selected 200 cases in conformity to the standards of AECOPD. The AECOPD patients were randomly divided into modified Erchentang group and control group. In addition to the western medicine, modified Erchentang was also given to the modified Erchentang group, and Jizhitangjiang was given to the control group for 14 days. Each group was observed for the alleviation of the symptoms. Euzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of CXCL8 and MIP-2 in the patients' plasma of all groups before and after treatment. Western blot were used to detect the levels of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL8 protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs). Immunocytochemistry (ICC) method was used to detect the expressions of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 protein in PBMCs. Result:The level of CXCL8 in plasma, and the expressions of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL8 mRNA and protein in the modified Erchentang group were decreased significantly than those in the control group(PPConclusion:Modified Erchentang has an anti-inflammatory effect on AECOPD. Its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the expressions of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2, the reduction of synthesis and release of CXCL8 and MIP-2, the inhibition of the chemotaxis and activity of inflammatory cells, and the prevention of inflammation progress.